Nutrient deficiencies

Nutrient deficiencies may occur because there is an insufficient amount in the soil or because the nutrients are unavailable due to a high pH (alkaline soil). Or the nutrients may not be absorbed due to injured roots or poor root growth.

Plants need the right balance of nutrients for growth and production. If there is a deficiency of any essential element, plants cannot complete their vegetative or reproductive cycles and as result will express deficiency symptoms.

The essential nutrients for plants are grouped into two categories: macronutrients and micros. 

Macronutrients are required by plants in relatively large amounts:

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Potassium
• Phosphorus
• Sulfur
• Calcium
• Magnesium

Micronutrients, also known as trace or minor elements are required by plants in smaller quantities.  

• Zinc
• Iron
• Copper
• Boron
• Manganese
• Chlorine
• Molybdenum
• Nickel

The symptoms that occur can vary depending on the mineral deficiency, although some symptoms can be:

- Chlorosis: Yellowing of the leaves in a uniform way or at the edges, as well as in the tissues between the leaves, is common due to the incorrect development of chlorophyll.

- Abnormal coloration: The leaves turn red, purple, brown or dark green.

- Necrosis: Dehydration and discoloration in the organs of the plant causing them to dry out or die.

- Dwarfism or Lack of growth: The growth of the plant is markedly reduced and can vary according to the levels of deficiency.